The Downside Risk of Essay Writing Samples for Grade 4 That No One Is Talking About

The Downside Risk of Essay Writing Samples for Grade 4 That No One Is Talking About Essay Writing Samples for Grade 4 - Dead or Alive? So you've just realized that you're a couple of hours away to your homework submission deadline and don't have any clue where to begin or ways to get from the mess you're going to land into. As a consequence, you get a good deal of free time and completed homework. Let's say you pay for at least 10 orders for the length of a training course. Your orders will be done exactly as you desire. Describe some tasks that you've accomplished over the last two years which have no connection to academic studies. The learner isn't a student, but not an expert yet, it's a certain intermediate between both of these links. When you want an example written by means of a student check out our vast assortment of absolutely free student models. Participating in such a huge study from begin to finish has validated my interest in academic research for a professio n. Paying to study in the usa isn't effortless, especially since obtaining a degree back home can be not as expensive. In fact, lots of successful small business professionals have several college degrees that apply right to their line of work. Various colleges utilize AP scores in various ways, so it's crucial that you visit a specific college's website to ascertain the way that it uses AP scores. Obviously, however you do on the AP test, it's still true that you receive a grade for this AP class from your high school. Choosing Essay Writing Samples for Grade 4 The type of essay you're looking for will be provided to you within the deadline offered to you. It means no matter in which timezone you live, we'll remain in a position to locate an acceptable writer to handle your paper for cheap. Allergic Behavior Envision the full planet at which no true gem differs. The actual folks highly praise our essay help site. In many instances, persuasive essays are among the most well-known varieties of work that high school students prefer. To get ready for the demands of middle school and higher school writing, fifth graders ought to be mastering skills necessary for strong nonfiction writing. Considering credible sample high school essay, students can be sure they're designed for private use when learning. Today, most college students find it difficult to compose an essay on a particular topic. If you are searching for top essay writing companies, try out the mentioned above. Once you receive a task done from us you will return again if you need assistance with another one of your essays. Studying only will help improve your abilities. Try a number of these topics. When you surf our site for recommendations that may help you write your own essay, you will come across many helpful tips. Our website is just one of the most appropriate for essay help. You can rely on the very best essay help online. After you've determined the point of your essay, you will know what information has to be included and the way that it has to be presented. The Fundamentals of Essay Writing Samples for Grade 4 Revealed You might be able to Ease yourself in the essay-writing procedure. You may even select an available writer to communication panel, which delivers an immediate communication between the author and the customer. Moreover, our English-speaking writers make sure every order has original content and an appropriate structure. Each one of your wishes about the order matters for the writers. There are many reasons why you must prefer our services. While it has each one of the roomy features which make SUVs a popular option for families, its design, chrome trim and wheels and general style ensure it is attractive to the youth too. What are a few examples of excellent attention grabbers for. Clearly, a fraud essays help service doesn't want you to have an option to reach them after being robbed. Even the usa nonetheless discusses its need, no matter how the main idea has been understood. In some instances, a topic might already be offered. Check the next comparison table to observe the difference between a dependable essay help business and a fraud one.

China and Africa Trade Relations Essay - 1873 Words

Today’s world is shrinking. Not literally of course, but the advances in technology make it easy to span thousands of miles of land and sea, so people can immediately communicate with each other. The internet has connected the world instantly, and planes make traveling from one side of the world to the other a piece of cake compared to the long, dangerous sea voyages of the past. People move and migrate constantly, all the while exchanging ideas and goods. Trade has always played an important role in human history. Whether the swapping of an apple for an orange, or $12 million dollars for a new dam, the fluid movement of goods and services from one to another is how humans have been able to receive things they might not have had†¦show more content†¦While relations with China are not in themselves a recent phenomenon, the extensive amount of trade that the two partake in is. Actually, the affiliation between China and Africa stretches back centuries. Some schol ars try to establish the starting point based on â€Å"the discovery of ancient Chinese ceramics on the east coast of Africa, or to the trading ties begun under the Song dynasty† (Raine 13). Trying to trace ties back this far is important in increasing a sense of loyalty. After all, people tend to have stronger feelings of fidelity towards someone they have known for years, as compared to someone they have just met. Another frequently cited encounter is when the Chinese explorer Zheng He â€Å"reached the east coast of Africa where†¦Zheng came, saw and never conquered†¦[leaving only a legacy] of trade, stimulating a local market for Chinese silk and porcelain† (Raine 13). This incident is important in further establishing solidarity between the two nations. China refers to this history to prove â€Å"it has interacted commercially without further agenda and without detriment to Africa† (Raine 14). It uses this point to relate to Africa – th ey are both Third World nations that have faced oppression from the First World, and therefore need to stick together. In 1954, President Mao of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) wanted to create diplomaticShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at the China-Africa Relation1563 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment. From these conflicting views emerge theories on the effect of aid, investment and trade on economic growth––which, in current literature, suggests an ambiguous result. On the issue of aid, Pronk (2001) pointed out that aid can be seen as a catalyst rather than a primer mover, in the sense that aid is not a cause of development but a push or support to development. In the China-Africa relation, the role of aid has been to allow recipient countries to level their investment above domesticRead MoreOpen and Prosperous Trade with South Africa1442 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction South Africa has enjoyed since the early 90s open and prosperous trade between there international relationships. The ruling party however has been under the spotlight for majority of their duration in power. In the duration of the ruling parties last term there has been many changes; new competitive political parties were formed, service delivery strikes have risen tremendously, youth have lost faith in the government and literacy and education has been criticised globally.Based onRead MoreCcot Between Africa and Eurasia Trade Networks from 300ce-1450ce629 Words   |  3 Pagesin the trade works between Africa and Eurasia from 300CE-1450CE. The motives for creating trade relations was to get the necessary goods to live on as well as becoming richer despite of living in different regions. However the goods that were traded changed like gold, salt, indigo, and Persian rugs. As well as the trading of ideas that changed technology and religion. Trade between Africa and Eurasia remained constant during 300CE. Egypt would rise in power becoming an empire in Africa while EurasiaRead MoreThe Cultural Influence of The Republic of Djibouti Essay1586 Words   |  7 Pagesare located within the Combined Joint Task Force- Horn of Africa AOR. This paper will discuss the cultural influence of the Republic of Djibouti as well as its influence on bordering countries within its region. Additionally, this paper will portray Djibouti’s global significance and its effect on United States interest within the AOR. Historically, Djibouti’s strategic location and status as a free trade zone within the Horn of Africa has played a major role in this country’s importance throughoutRead MoreBy The End Of The Middle Ages, The World Of Human Civilization.898 Words   |  4 Pagesaround them, we are now able to examine the evolution of a new world. In the preceding centuries, Asia had enjoyed a long history of unification by conquest. The Persian and Assyrian empires had unified most of the Middle East, mitigated tribal relations, and brought many years of prosperity to the diverse peoples in the regions they controlled. India had flourished within itself as the Harappan civilization had developed a sustainable way of life in the subcontinent. With the people known as AryansRead MoreThe Global Economic and Political Implications of the South African 2014 General Elections1164 Words   |  5 Pagesyear for South Africa. The first elections after the death of South African ex-president Nelson Mandela will take place and after twenty years of democracy, the world will be watching us again. The world holds much interest in the economy and politics of South Africa as was discussed in Appendix A and Appendix B and it is safe to assume that the world is a stakeholder in the politics and economy of South Africa. The purpose of this essay is to explore the world’s stake in South Africa, its nature andRead MoreMultilateral Relations Between Africa And Africa1407 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Africa, once regarded as ‘good for nothing but exploitation’, however, the block has gradually gained modest relations, and aspiring to cultivate a multifaceted partnership with major global political players in all directions from Left-Right, East–West, North-South, and South-South. The two major partners forged their own cooperation are Peoples Republic of China and United States of America and the partnerships they created are known as Sino - Africa relations named ‘Forum on China-AfricaRead MoreTrade Between China And Latin America1162 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1999, trade between China and Latin America totaled approximately $8 billion; by 2009, that number had had grown to $130 billion. Earlier this year, a study by the United Nations’ Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) concluded that by the year 2016, trade between China and Latin America will surpass that between the Eurozone and Latin America, making China Latin A merica’s second largest trading partner. Most studies of this partnership have focused on: a growing securityRead MoreWhat Is The Consequences Of The Tunisian Economy?981 Words   |  4 Pages the journey to an optimum and stable economy has not been a seamless transition for Tunisia. There have been various geo-political incidences that almost destabilized the Tunisian economy (Naccache, 40). Conflicts and tension in Libya caused the trade viability of Tunisia to decrease in 2009. The unrest also had significant implications on some aspects of the Tunisian economy, such as tourism. Tourism is a big source of revenue for Tunisia; hence, anything that threatens the safety of tourists isRead MoreEconomic Relations Between China And Ghana1485 Words   |  6 Pagesjust China giving loans to Ghana, they also have a very stable trading relationship. They have been trading since their economic ties first started and it has been pretty steady. Ghana, however, is not keeping up as quickly with China in the sense of export-import as the gap between the import of Chinese goods and Ghana’s export has widen over the years. Although their exports to imports ratio is not even and the trade imbalance exists, Ghana’s willingness to still continue trading with China turns

Social Psychology for Availability of Time- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theSocial Psychology for Experience and Availability of Time. Answer: The five factors that might affect the decision making of a group are the nature of the decision made, experience, availability of time, confidentiality and comfort zone. In a group decision-making, the nature of the problem is a big factor that whether that will be consulted with other or not. Here one might take the decision if the nature of the decision is not that important where information needs to be sought from others. If there is previous, experience of similar situations then information seeking and sharing might not place and one may use his or her own mental models to predict what can happen and what needs to be done. Time is another factor, which affect group decision making because if there is less time than taking advices or suggestions gets restricted. An issue such as confidentiality inhibits the sharing of information. Lastly, comfort zone is also affects groups decision making, as here if the leader is comfortable handling an issue from their comfort zone then why will they involve others. Therefore, the groups will be built keeping in mind those factors that actually influence the group decision-making to give the best output such as previous experiences, an escalation of commitment, different cognitive biases and individual differences. If any decision making in the past has positive result then people are more likely to decide in a similar way. Cognitive biases are mainly thinking patterns that are based on the observations and generalizations. However, people are inclined more to those decision making towards which they feel more committed. Lastly, individual differences, which should be, keep in mind as people of lower socio economic background will make poor decisions because of their former decision-makings (Ford Richardson, 2013). Deindividuation is mainly the disappearance of identity or self-awareness normally in a group surrounding. This seems to occur when an individuals identity inside a group overrule their own identity and self-awareness. This can guides an individual to mob mentality as deindividuation inclines to block critical thinking and disagreement. In a group, it has been seen for maximum of the time that people are less individually responsible for their behavior and believe that they are able to act with further anonymity. However, individuals can identify themselves so strongly with the group that their individual feelings might not be valued (Mikal et al., 2016). Therefore, from this given situation the four specified factors that can increase deindividuation can be peer pressure, groupthink, anonymity and diffused responsibility. In this situation, it might be that due to the direct or indirect pressure from the members of the demonstrators might have got influenced other people. Groupthink might also play a vital role where there is delay of critical thinking. Other two factors can be anonymity where people might have thought that they cannot be find out from the group and lastly, diffused responsibility, which means that individuals might has pre conceived notions that they are not responsible for their actions. When people are, in a group, they always feel a shared responsibility and thus, they are less individually responsible for their actions therefore increasing deindividuation. Aggression while watching a football match is common which has few underlying causes as well. As this situation suggests that one of the causes of aggression can the spectators involvement with emotions like hatred, jealousy, boastfulness, ignoring the rules and a kind of sadistic pleasure in showing aggression. In sports, it actually becomes an indirect competition for the observers and they start indentifying themselves with the group that they are supporting. Like in this situation when the fans saw that, their favorite group is making mistakes they become aggressive because they are identified with them and keeping the competition in mind they are afraid of losing. The environment can be another cause that can lead the group into aggression. It is a stadium and as said it was very much crowed as well as noisy thus this may have over stimulated the aggressive group and made them thrash out with fear or frustration of their supported team loosing the game. Another reason can be tha t while observing a football match people go get excited and thus, use this as a medium to vent out their build up frustrations. Thus, this can be another cause for this situation as well. Lastly, few hooligans present among the spectators who have an internal belief that it is their job to cause chaos as well as violence in the stadium thus, they do this for purpose or may get pleasure from performing such undesired acts (van der Meij et al., 2015). The variables that determine peoples willingness to help others may include the characteristics of the individuals who provide help to others as well, as how others while helping them have responded them. The very first factor is the altruistic personality of some people who are more helpful than others are. Personal variables do have a role to play that influences the helping behavior in people thus, people who are more helpful than others mainly have a prosocial or altruistic inbuilt personality (Beilin, 2013). The next factor can be social responsibility, which influence people whether or not they will help others because if a person is socially responsible then they will never think of taking advantage when a person is in need. The next factor is empathy that is if people can perceive others need by putting themselves in their current situation then helping them will be easier. Thus, empathy also plays a vital role where it influences peoples helping behavior. Then there is moral reasoning where the decision of whether to help others or not are totally based on the concern for other individuals. Moral reasoning is the way people think about the fair and appropriate way through which they must act to help others. Lastly, another factor is gender differences. In situations where there is more need for physical help there; men are more inclined to help than women do. Women are more helpful in a situation, which requires long term caring and nurturance within close relationships. References Beilin, H. (2013).The development of prosocial behavior. Academic Press. Ford, R. C., Richardson, W. D. (2013). Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical literature. InCitation classics from the Journal of Business Ethics(pp. 19-44). Springer Netherlands. Mikal, J. P., Rice, R. E., Kent, R. G., Uchino, B. N. (2016). 100 million strong: A case study of group identification and deindividuation on Imgur. com.new media society,18(11), 2485-2506. van der Meij, L., Klauke, F., Moore, H. L., Ludwig, Y. S., Almela, M., van Lange, P. A. (2015). Football Fan aggression: the importance of low basal cortisol and a fair referee.PloS one,10(4), e0120103.

Society Social Networking Sites

Introduction The mounting popularity of social networking sites (SNSs) among Internet users across the world certainly demands an introspection of their shorter-term and longer-terms effects on individuals as well as societies. Available statistics demonstrate that an estimated 1.5 billion people across the globe have already created their profiles in SNSs, with the majority being on Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin, Ning and Tagged (Das et al., 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Society Social Networking Sites specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At the surface, it is believed that SNSs have a great potential to essentially alter the character and scope of our social engagements on all fronts – individual, interpersonal, as well as societal (Ellison et al., 2009).. But while common practice always assumes the shifts to be beneficial, this paper seeks to demonstrate that SNSs have negatively altered the framew ork for social interactions that bind society together. Understanding Social Networking Sites In the literature, SNSs are defined as web-based services that provide people with the capacity to â€Å"†¦ (1) construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, (2) articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and (3) view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system† (Tokunaga, 2011, p. 425). SNSs popularity continue to rise throughout the world, especially among adolescents, not only because of the way they have changed how this group of the population receive information (Neelamalar Chitra, 2009), but also due to their equalizing effect as users often feel the freedom to express themselves in ways not possible via other offline channels (Cardon et al., 2009). However, there exist salient issues that need to be illuminated to understand the actual effects that SNSs are having on the social relations hips that act to glue the society together. Social Networking Sites: Unveiling the Defects By virtue of the fact that online social networking is a type of virtue communication that allows users to connect with each other, there exists a very constricted gap between private and public life in this modern age of communication as users find themselves helpless in controlling the distribution of content they have already uploaded on their profiles (Das et al., 2011). This disposition has occasioned serious personal and social consequences as individuals increasingly find themselves being rejected for job postings due to content they had posted on the sites, not mentioning that a sizeable number of users have already lost their life savings to online fraudsters who visit their profiles and use the personal information available to estimate a person’s social security number and ‘steal’ other sensitive information.Advertising Looking for essay on communications m edia? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Advocates of SNSs have argued that users of these sites can change their default privacy preferences to keep the fraudsters at bay, or to prevent sensitive information from getting into the wrong hands. However, a research conducted on 4000 Facebook profiles of Carnegie Mellon University students revealed that only 1.2 percent of the users took time to change their default privacy settings (Das et al., 2011), implying that many users do not care if their sensitive information, which could fundamentally alter their relationships with other members of the society, becomes open to public discourse. The second point deals with work productivity, which is known to be the mainstay of the society. It is within the realms of public knowledge that a society that does not work cannot look after itself, not mentioning that it cannot prosper or achieve the dreams of prosperity (Tokunaga, 2011). However, ow ing to the proliferation of SNSs, people are spending considerable work hours chatting with their friends and browsing sites to update profiles. Indeed, extant literature demonstrates that â€Å"†¦it becomes a compulsive habit to visit own profile several times in a day for checking friends updates, changing status, and commenting on others photos and videos† (Das et al., 2011). In the workplace context, the attention of employees is distracted as they routinely visit the sites to update their status and communicate with friends, occasioning major adverse consequences on their productivity and customer satisfaction levels. Of course some advocates of SNSs would like to argue from the viewpoint that employers can always install monitoring software to dissuade employees from visiting these sites during work hours; however, it has already been found that monitoring of employees’ online activities raises serious ethical and legal concerns (Ellison et al., 2009). More importantly, the monitoring software is not full-proof, meaning that employees could still engage in these actions that bring adverse societal ramifications in lowered productivity and heightened customer dissatisfaction levels (Cardon et al., 2011). A recent study conducted on 237 corporate workers revealed that about eight in every ten employees use Facebook during work hours, resulting in 1.5% slump in their productivity (Das et al., 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Society Social Networking Sites specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The third point revolves around the fact that some SNSs â€Å"†¦have loosely articulated social or interactional norms dictating appropriate actions and behaviors† (Tokunaga, 2011, p. 426). In using SNSs, many people are unaware or ignorant of the context-specific social norms because of the inadequately specified set of conventions, further degrading the social fa bric because these people end up relying on social behaviors learned and negotiated in offline contexts to direct their online actions and behavior. Equally uninteresting, a sizeable number of users end up relying on social behaviors learned in online contexts to guide and direct their off-line relationships, actions and behavior. Fourth, many online social norms, according to Tokunaga (2011), are characterized by carelessness and impoliteness, not mentioning that they have the potential to adversely demoralize the interpersonal relationships that act to hold the society together. In other words, it can be argued that constant interactions via social networking platforms have inexorably harmed interpersonal relationships that glue society together by providing a forum for negative incidences that result in relational strain. On context-specific norms and interpersonal relationships, advocates of SNSs would want to differ by putting up the argument that â€Å"†¦through social n etworking, people can use networks of online friends and group memberships to keep in touch with current friends, reconnect with old friends or create real-life friendships through similar interests or groups† (Neelamalar Chitra, 2009, p. 126). However, the germane issue is the context-specific norms used to relate to online friends and if these norms could still be used in furtherance of offline interpersonal relationships that are key to the stability of the society as a whole. Findings reported by Tokunaga (2011) demonstrate that not only are the context-specific norms for the two types of relations essentially different and hence cannot compliment each other, but some norms and value systems learnt in SNSs are adversely affecting interpersonal relationships, through which the foundation of the community is grounded. Lastly, it is a well known fact that the ambiguous and elastic concept of â€Å"friends† on social networking platforms has always presented further co ncerns through which millions of visitors to these sites must navigate. As postulated by Tokunaga (2011), â€Å"†¦friends merely refer to the contacts individuals create on SNSs, which obscures the nature of the relationships between users† (P. 426).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More People who have never met even for a single day suddenly become the best of friends because of their presumed shared interests that are matched in the arena of online protocols. Not only has this insensitive disposition of friendship continues to hurt the very basis of society (Das et al., 2011), but the dichotomous categorization of friends and non-friends on many of these networking platforms acts as fuel to many of the social problems encountered by users (Tokunaga, 2011), including falling prey to fraudsters and sexual offenders. It is possible that advocates of SNSs may seek to downplay this issue of the creation of strange friendship bonds on account that people are free to talk to anyone across the world (Neelamalar Chitra, 2009), and that these sites have assisted communities to minimize transaction costs for finding and connecting with ‘friends’, who may share one interest or concern but deviate on other dimensions (Ellison et al., 2009). These assertions, in my view, are valid to the extent that some of these friendship bonds have provided opportunities for some users, including but not limited to, job openings, educational prospects, skills acquisition and knowledge sharing. But we have seen the consequences of users who unconditionally accept friendship requests from strangers and end up being killed and mutilated in a presumed sex party. We have read in the news how children as young as 10 years are hijacked for ransom by their presumed ‘online friends.’ Conclusion It is indeed true that most SNSs have beneficial outcomes, but care must be exercised so that these sites do not alter the framework for social interactions that bind society together. Important issues relating to privacy, work productivity, context-specific norms, interpersonal relationships as well as the conception of friendship, need to be evaluated in more detail to ensure that the society does not suffer under the heavy baggage of the social networking s ites. References Cardon, P.W., Marshall, B., Jeongil, C., El-Shinnaway, M.M., North, M., Svensson, L†¦Juan, P. (2009). Online and offline social ties of social network website users: An exploratory study in eleven societies. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 50(1), 54-64. Das, B., Sahoo, J.S., Jyoti, S. (2011). Social networking sites – a critical analysis of its impact on personal and social life. International Journal of Business Social Science, 2(14), 222-228. Web. Ellison, N.B., Lampe, C., Steinfield, C. (2009). Social network sites and society: Current trends and future possibilities. Web. Neelamalar, M., Chitra, P. (2009). New media and society: A study on Indian youth. Estudos em Communicacao, 45(6), 125-145. Web. Tokunaga, R.S. (2011). Friend me or you’ll strain us: Understanding negative events that occur over social networking sites. CyberPsychology, Behavior Social Networking, 14(7/8), 425-432. This essay on Society Social Networking Sites was written and submitted by user Geraldine Flynn to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Prison Gangs Essays - Prison Gangs In The United States, Prison Gang

Prison Gangs Essays - Prison Gangs In The United States, Prison Gang Prison Gangs Prison Gangs The fight for survival within the United States prison system has created a subculture the breeds racism, hate, and violence. About two and a half years ago, a young man named William King was sentenced to death by lethal injection for his participation in the murder of James Byrd Jr. James, a middle aged black man from Jasper County, Texas, was bound at the ankles and dragged behind a truck for three miles. His body was ripped to shreds as a gruesome display of the effects of prison subculture. What caused William King and his partners Shawn Berry and Lawrence Brewer to commit such a horrific crime? Was their behavior a result of innate nature or was it learned? Many agree that it was the time spent in prison that caused William King to brutally murder James Byrd Jr. Friends and family claim that William was a pleasant and quiet boy before he left for prison to serve a couple years for burglary. When he was released, his personality seemed irrational and violent and he was covered in racist tattoos. Friends say he frequently spoke about white supremacy and was anxious to develop his own splinter white supremacist gang. Kings defense attorney explained that it was the high rate of violence in Texass Beto 1 Unit that caused William to turn toward gang activity as a means of protection and security. Racist attitudes develop from poor treatment from other inmates and a need to strengthen a common bond among gang members. William, the defense attorney argued, was merely a victim of the depleting prison system in this country (). The reality of prison gangs cannot be ignored. Victor Hassine wrote a book entitles Life Without Parole, in which he describes the horrific reality of life behind bars. He writes, Once inside, I was walked through a quantlet of desperate men. Their hot smell in the muggy corridor was as foul as their appearance. None of them seemed to have a full set of front teeth. Many bore prominently displayed tattoos of skulls or demons. One could argue whether it was the look of these men that led them to prison or whether it was the prison that gave them their look. Just looking at them made me fear my life (Hassine, 7). While the actions of William King cannot be excused or rationalized, his story sheds insight on the problems that face our correctional facilities. Prison gangs are everywhere, and effect every inmate. When a new convict is admitted he is viewed as fresh meat among the prison gang members and victimized to no end. Prison gangs are a convicts means of survival in an environment so starved of morals that violence, rap, and murder are just a daily reality. While it is impossible to know the impact of prison gangs on our street, experts dispute over the control and communication between street and prison gangs. Some argue that there is little connection between street and prison gangs and that operations of prison gangs remain behind prison walls. Drug trafficking does exist within prisons; it is usually made possible through inmates friends and/or girlfriends (Huff 248). Still others feel quite different, and see prison gang control reach far beyond an inmates cell. Some speculate that a large percentage of drug dealing in East Los Angeles is controlled from within prison walls by the Mexican Mafia. Joe Pegleg Morgan was in prison for forty years, beginning with a conviction of murder at the age sixteen. He manage to gain so much power and control of drug trafficking, street crimes, violence and money laundering that he rose to serve as the Mexican Mafias Godfather in the later half of his life (Barker, 311). Prison gangs tend to display a distinct hierarchical structure. A single inmate who best embodies the gangs value (Territo, 580) assumes the role of the leader. A leader time in control is normally short, partially due to the prison systems ability to relocate inmates. It is usually the strongest remaining gang member that assumes leadership or the gangs elite counsels a decision. A members degree of influence flows down a criterion of ranks, with the recruits having no say in any

Implicit Parameters in Java

Implicit Parameters in Java The implicit parameter in Java is the object that the method belongs to. Its passed by specifying the reference or variable of the object before the name of the method.  An implicit parameter is opposite to an  explicit  parameter, which is passed when specifying the parameter in the parenthesis of a method call. If a parameter isnt explicitly defined, the parameter is considered implicit. Explicit Method Example When your program calls a method of an object, its common to pass a value to the method. For example, here, the object Employee has a method called setJobTitle: Employee dave new Employee(); dave.setJobTitle(Candlestick Maker); The String Candlestick Maker is an explicit parameter being passed to the setJobTitle method. Implicit Method Example However, there is another parameter in the method call that is known as the implicit parameter. The implicit parameter is the object the method belongs to. In the above example, its dave, the object of type Employee. Implicit parameters are not defined within a method declaration because they are implied by the class the method is in: public class Employee {  Ã‚  public void setJobTitle(String jobTitle)  Ã‚  {  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  this.jobTitle jobTitle;  Ã‚  } } In order to call the setJobTitle method, there must be an object of type Employee.

Transnational Crimes Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Transnational Crimes - Term Paper Example According to him, â€Å"some crimes arise out of particular cultural or societal conditions and experiences that differ from one country to another† (p.4) and so one behavior that one country may accept may not be acceptable by another country. Types of Transnational Crimes Affecting U.S. Following is a detailed description of some transnational crimes that are affecting the U.S. one way or the other. Cybercrime Cybercrime involves electronic communication to commit crime like false business activities, identity stealth, pornography, hidden identities, and fraudulent e-commerce, all of which are activities that do not need to be confined within the country’s borders. These transnational crimes are increasing the crime rate related to internet in the United States and people of all ages including children and elders, and all sectors including politics, education, healthcare, and commerce are being affected by these activities. One often has to reveal bits of his personal information while doing online transactions, such as, his name, address, telephone number, bank information, credit card information, and etcetera. When a cyber criminal steals someone’s this information, then he can misuse or disclose it to criminal groups thus ending up either blackmailing the person/company or bringing him bad name. Human and Drug Trafficking United Nations is facing one of the greatest challenges of its time- dealing with human traffickers who target a great number of men, women and children every year exploiting them for reasons like prostitution, forced labor, slavery, or organ removal. Human and drug trafficking are considered as â€Å"two major area of transnational organized crime† (Agenzia Fides, 2010). Both types of supplies exploit people and create devastating effects on them and their families. How drugs and alcohol is being used in human trafficking is an interesting issue. Women and children are forced to pursue pornography and for thi s purpose they are forced to take drugs and alcohol so that they become senseless and do not get an idea what is happening to them, thus combining both trades- human and drugs- in one business. Davenport (2010) reports Arizona Governor, Jan Brewer, who asserted the fact that â€Å"the motivation of a lot of the illegal immigrants is to enter the United States to look for work, but that drug rings press them into duty as drug mules.† She further states that most of the illegal immigrant or trafficked persons that are brought into Arizona are being supervised by big drug cartels and smuggling companies, making the victims bring in the drugs and alcohol with them, knowingly or unknowingly. Terrorism Terrorism is another transnational crime which the U.S. is facing. Terrorists get their training from different countries of the world and enter the U.S. or other countries to spread terrorism and deteriorate peace of the society. The most common example would be the 9/11 attacks on the Twin Towers and the Pentagon in the U.S. which badly affected U.S. economical infrastructure and took lives of many innocent people. It was obvious that the hijackers or the planes were well trained and had special training of carrying ammunition and flying the planes. This and many other such criminal activities involve many

The character of the 21st century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The character of the 21st century - Essay Example If the previous century gave birth to many companies, institutions, and allies, it also gave birth to several conflicts, rivalries and mass destruction. Will the 21st century serve as a continuation of the violence and sufferings of the previous 100 years or will it be a dawn of a better world that awaits children of the future generation? The United States of America (USA) has proven in the 20th century that they are the dominating force. It made the country and its colonies in some kind of untouchable stature. There is that sense of pride and supremacy that envelope the whole state even its name. It is an undeniable fact that if there is a force that any unstable country would like to be in alliance with it will be the USA (Walt 6-7). Yet as it has been stated in the 2002 movie Spiderman, Peter Parker expressed a realization that can be applied with the existing American Force, â€Å"With great power comes great responsibility.† Such power became a liability for the whole st ate. As they gained more allies, they also gained more rivals. The United States have been the answer to the prayers of those who were being traumatized by the Second World War. They were the saving power against those who were unfurling terror in different countries and continents. However, what will happen if this very powerful force be attacked on its very own territory? This was the event that happened during the first decade of the 21st century. With the heroic acts that the United States showcased during the previous century, they have exhibited the greatest human relation that any other country has showed towards their fellows. What is human relations? According to Jackson (p. 2): â€Å"human relations involve people other than ourselves, who are never anything less than human and must always be treated accordingly. These others may be individuals or they may be groups, perhaps organized as independent nations or states, which have long been the preeminent political formatio ns of world affairs.† Human relation became the strongest weapon of the United States in their aim to gain worldwide power and influence. However, there are states that had different perspective against the US. For these states to prove other countries that the United States is not as powerful as they seem, â€Å"terrorists† attacked the heart of the US’ economy and defense without the country’s people and leaders knowing what is awaiting them. Many Americans were killed during the attack and the once strong, powerful and untouchable stature was replaced by a helpless, fragile and vulnerable America. Though human relations was been perfected by the state throughout the past century, it was not a guarantee that all nations will be an ally to them. If there was one thing that the September 11 Attack has given the state that would be fear. With such stature that the United States had in International Relation (IR), it brought not just the whole state but the whole world in shock with all the events that have happened within the territory of the most powerful nation known worldwide. As noted by Robert Jervis (cited by Tang 2008): â€Å"[Fear] once aroused as a function of uncertainty about others’ intentions, can acquire a life of its own and become a powerful driver of the security dilemma and spiral. Fear †¦ leads a state to discount another state’ conciliatory gestures and adopt unnecessary hard-lined policies. As such, a spiral

HIV Vaccines Essay Example for Free

HIV Vaccines Essay A vaccine is a biological preparation intended to improve an individual’s immunity to a specific illness or disease. Most vaccines are composed of weakened or killed forms of an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism. A typically safe version of the pathogen, which is unable to cause the disease, is then produced by the altered or inactivated state. Once the vaccine is administered into the blood stream, the agent is recognized as a foreign body, which then triggers the process of active immunity, which in turn builds up antibodies to fight this particular pathogen (Wisegeek). Vaccination is intended to provide protection so that if the body comes in contact with the same type of disease in the future, the immune system will already have memory antibodies to fight the disease before symptoms occur. Since the introduction of vaccines for illness causing pathogens, diseases such as measles, polio and the common flu have greatly decreased in occurrence. With that being said, not all vaccines have been proven to be safe or effective. One virus that does not yet have an effective preventative vaccine is the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV is a retrovirus that attacks the human immune system. Transmission of the virus can occur in many different ways; through contact of infected secretions of one person with the genital, oral, or rectal mucous membranes of another person. HIV can also be transmitted through blood and from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth or through breast milk (Healthmagic, 2010). The virus is characterized by its two glycoproteins: gp120 and gp41. The larger of the two glycoroteins is gp120, this molecule is the primary site of attachment to CD4 receptors of the host cell and while also triggering inflammation when shed into the blood. Gp41 promotes fusion to a target cell while remaining on the cytoplasmic membrane. HIV infects four types of cells: helper T cells, macrophages, smooth muscle cells and dendritic cells. Attachment and entry of HIV into T cells and macrophages occurs in three steps. In the first step, gp120 binds to the CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) molecules on a host cell; forming a complex known as gp120-CD4 complex. Second, this complex binds to a chemokine receptor, which removes gp120 from the virion. This process if finalized when the virion binds to a cell. Once bound to a cell, the virion’s envelope contacts and fuses with the cytoplasmic reticulum through the medium of the gp41. The HIV capsid then gets insinuated into the cytoplasm; however its covering of gp41 gets left behind and becomes part of the cells cytoplasmic membrane. With gp41 remaining on the cytoplasmic membrane, it is then able to fuse with over 500 cells to form a syncytium, which is a giant cell with multiple nuclei. This fusion is very dangerous because it allows HIV to move from cell to cell without being exposed to any antibodies that are in the blood. During synthesis, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, transcribes the double stranded DNA using TRNA as a primer in the cytoplasm. Reverse transcriptase is prone to making a lot of errors during this process which generates an abundance of new antigenic variations of HIV. The double stranded DNA then enters the nucleus and is inserted into a chromosome by the enzyme integrase. Once the double stranded DNA is integrated into the cellular DNA it remains a part of it for life. Once the newly infected double stranded DNA is integrated into the chromosome, it cannot be changed or counter acted. However, there are various therapeutic vaccines to help regulate the virus (Bauman, 2011). Therapeutic vaccines are designed to help treat people who are HIV positive by controlling the virus. Those who are infected with HIV and live with it for an extended period of time, start to develop antibodies on a specific part of the glycoprotein 120, which is in charge of initiating the activation of HIV. This antibody, C5, is known to be crucial in producing certain antibodies that are able to control HIV by regulating its hyper action that destroys the human immune system. However, induction of these antibodies cannot occur unless GP120 is at the surface of the virus. In order for gp120 to be at the surface of the virus, gp41 and the antibody C5 must fuse. This is a process that is unable to occur on its own (Bionor Pharma, 2010). The therapeutic vaccine Vacc-C5, invented by Bionor Immuno, is an antibody-mediated vaccine that binds C5 and gp41 together so that the antibodies from C5 can be effective and help regulate the virus. A preventative vaccine is designed to prevent individuals from getting HIV. Over the recent years there have been many studies and attempts to create an effective vaccine to prevent HIV but unfortunately none have been proven to be successful. A good example of a preventative vaccine, that had hopeful prospects, is the AIDSVAX vaccine developed by Philip Berman. AIDSVAX is composed of a synthetic version of the glycoprotein 120, a part of the HIV’s envelope, which the virus uses as a mechanism to latch onto and enter the cell. This version of gp120 was meant to stimulate the production of antibodies against strains of HIV that it resembles, giving immunity to the strain of HIV. However, this vaccine was proven ineffective after the clinical trials. Near the part of the gp120 that attaches to the cell, there is a chain of a specific sequence of amino acids called the V3loop. The V3loop is the most variable part of the glycoprotein and in order for an envelope vaccine to produce an antibody response; it has to be against the exact strain of the virus (Brian Deer). HIV is a virus that has many different strains and is also constantly going under mutations within replication therefore preventing the AIDSVAX vaccine from halting the infection of the virus. The development of vaccines against HIV has not yet reached a point of success. HIV is a virus that has many characteristics that make it highly difficult to prevent and treat. HIV is capable surpassing immune response because of its ability of generating many antigenic variants; due to it being so highly mutable. Also, not only does HIV attack the various cells in the body that combat infections in the immune system but it can also spread through syncytia via formation by gp41, evading detection from immune defence all together. Vaccine development is still an important tool in healthcare because there are still millions of people who currently live with the disease and many who are at a high risk of contracting it. However, even with the many developments in medical research, the production of vaccines is still a costly procedure which also presents ethical and medical problems. In the meantime, the spread of infection must be slowed through the increase of awareness and availability, of information on the risks of contracting the disease. In order to avoid contraction, Health Care Providers must provide the public with information about safer practices, such as; safe sex and the proper use of sterile needles and syringes for injections. They can also promote proper blood screening procedures and spread information on medications, therapeutic vaccines and other ways an individual who already has HIV can prevent the spread of the virus as well.

Cool Hand Luke :: essays research papers

In Cool Hand Luke, the movie begins with the word, VIOLATION, across the screen. The word is from a parking meter and sets the tone for the entire movie. Luke Jackson, the title character, is arrested for cutting off the heads of the town’s parking meters while drunk, or in legal terms, for destroying municipal property while under the influence of alcohol. When asked why he cut the heads off the parking meters, Luke answers, â€Å"You could say I was settling an old score.† While it leaves the viewers believing that he probably received a parking ticket at some time in the past, no clues are given to what the old score may have been. He is sentenced to two years in a road prison, in a chain gang. His punishment did not fit the crime, and today, such an act would probably result in time spent in community service rather than a hard labor prison gang. To further accentuate that his sentence is worse than his crime, Luke Jackson dies at the end of his story. Luke is a decorated veteran, yet left the military service just as he went in, as a Private. This indicates that he had authority problems while there. He received the Silver Star, Bronze Star and a couple of Purple Hearts and that indicates that he is brave and probably humanitarian, because the Silver Star is usually given in recognition of a life-saving deed of valor. That he was never promoted, or else promoted and consequently demoted, (the story does not elaborate on the details) indicates that his superiors, those who had the authority to promote him, did not react well to his achievements. For Luke, death represents ultimate freedom. There is no doubt that he believes in God, in that he talks to God several times throughout the movie, yet his conversations are always more like arguments than prayers. In one of the final scenes, the empty shell of a church represents Luke’s relationship with God, and even the emptiness in himself. Luke feels that God has never been there for him. He tells God just before the end of the story that God hasn’t ever dealt him a good hand. That military authorities considered him a hero, decorating him with medals, doesn’t make him a hero in his own eyes. Luke is a tortured soul, in that he tells God that he doesn’t deserve any good thing because he killed people in the war. Still, Luke is a free spirit, true to himself, with no regard for the rules and regulations of other human beings. The crime he is arrested for is not one of violence toward any person, it is

Aditya Birla Case notes

The Unknown Global Indian Conglomerate Q) After a decade of reform, had the Barilla group done enough to outpace its rivals , or was there another step It had to take to be â€Å"Barilla #1†? NAS: Once Kumar Mangle Barilla took over the Barilla group in 1995 after the untimely death of his father, he ushered In an era of reforms and mandated the company be among the top three players In the world or at least in the region for any particular Investment. The renewed focus of the group was in making investments in India, acquiring companies outside India fuelling growth.One of his notable acquisition was Novels to make the high-risk aluminum business less vulnerable to price fluctuations on the London Metal Exchange. (Novels was acquired by Handball). Mangle Barilla focused on strengthening and consolidating similar businesses together and investing in growth business sectors from the cash generated from the value businesses. His strategy paid off and from being a conglomerate wi th Just US$I . 5 billion in revenues in 1995 it had grown to a business with revenues of approximately US$40 billion in year 2012.Though the group has come a long way It Is still at number three amongst the Indian Conglomerates(Number 1 being Data with revenues of US$OHIO billion as of 2012 and RILL with revenues of US$74 billion). In certain businesses the group Is number one Like VS. and cement whereas In certain other sectors like retail It needs to work towards establishing itself amongst the top three. The level of competition has increased both at home and abroad and the Barilla group needs to rethink their strategy to be the number one. The Barilla Financial services can play a major role with insurance company and an asset management fund.As a conglomerate it should be able to reap the benefits of distributing its costs across similar businesses and achieve cost leadership to gain a competitive advantage over its rivals. The group is looking at investment opportunities in Af rica, South America, East Europe and Central Asia because these geographies present Immense opportunities for the group to do business. The next logical decision of the group would be to Invest in Infrastructure and the group Is actively seeking out opportunities for the same. With the new government In place this might be one of the lucrative business opportunities.The roof is diversified across many sectors but it should be cautious enough not to spread its wings too thin. Recently the group sold off Ditty Barilla Maniacs as the group wanted to exit the business process outsourcing sector because it lacked scale and was not amongst the top three players in the particular region. The capital raised from the deal was invested in other growth sector opportunities in the group. The group has redefined its business strategy and management practices aimed at becoming the foremost firm in India but it still has a long way to go. According to Kumar Mangle Barilla he has all the large piec es in place.

Content Of Professional Ethics For Accountants Accounting Essay

IntroductionCode of professional behavior for comptrollers, is the basic content of professional moralss for comptrollers, which the comptrollers should follow in the business activity and is used to set the behaviour of comptrollers. Along with the economic development, the behaviour criterions, the working types and the societal environment has had the alteration mostly. Meanwhile, people ‘s political orientation and value is besides altering. And the codification of moralss for professional comptrollers to breed ethical behaviour is uneffective. Lovell ( 1995 ) said: Much unfavorable judgment has been arisen at the accounting profession, such as the failure of accounting paperss and the failure of the accounting profession satisfactorily to take history of the public involvement in the finding of the hereafter of accounting and scrutinizing pattern. Many jobs have risen, such as, accounting information untruthful, accounting action ‘s nonstandard. It disarrangesA the o rder of the accounting profession. So observers have questioned the effectivity of the codification. In this article, it will discourse why the codification of professional behavior for comptrollers is uneffective. It refers five facets that are of import.BodyThere are defect and cleft bing in the system building. Related jurisprudence and codification of comptrollers are non perfect, and the system is imperfect, which carries out it can be suiting and is really easy to take advantage. Some accountant ordinances system is disused, does non accommodate with the present economic work activity, and needs to revise. Harmonizing to Reiter ( 1997 ) , there should be new paradigms for accounting pattern, in order to breed ethical behaviour of comptroller. Besides there are many sorts of accounting codification at the same clip, which affected the behaviour of members of the accounting profession. Accounting Furthermore accountant the object locates the environment of accounting is complica ted and diversified, which carries it trouble on the accurate localisation and the measuring. The definition of the comptrollers ‘ behaviour in the Torahs and ordinances is expressed, so the endeavor is really easy to run in advantage of the standard cleft. Social intermediary organisations have non carry out the codification purely independently, objectively, reasonably. Richardson, Cullen and Richardson ( 1996 ) said accounting and the comptrollers ‘ behaviour is influenced by the directors. Accounting houses and other societal mediators rely to a great extent on the purposes of director. with the drive of ferocious market competition, appetency of involvement and short-action, they go against the codification of moralss for professional comptrollers, to gain much from the company that should be audited, turn a blind oculus to the deformation of accounting information or even be an component, which damaged the independency of CPA audit services, and did non truly play an function of supervising, accounting deformation information has become inevitable. Harmonizing to Morgan ( 1996 ) , in his research, we can see that accounting contributes to the procedures of societal and organisational production is a large ground that the cod ification for comptrollers is uneffective. Social environment besides influences the actions of comptrollers. Social environment means a sort of ambiance, including a traditional wonts of idea, constructs of value, mode of behaviour, and the traditional attitude and position on the economic system. Harmonizing to Maury ( Maury & A ; McCarthy 2007 ) , he thought environment that supported these accounting and ethical. With the economic development, the behaviour criterions, the working types and the societal environment has had the alteration mostly. Meanwhile, people ‘s political orientation and value is besides altering. And the codification of moralss for professional comptrollers to breed ethical behaviour is uneffective. Many jobs have risen, such as, accounting information untruthful, accounting action ‘s nonstandard. It disarrangesA the order of the accounting profession Low qualities of comptrollers result in the ineffective of the codification. Harmonizing to Lovell ( 1995 ) , moral logical thinking and moral ambiance is cardinal facet to keep the order of accounting profession. First, it ‘s hapless self-denial. Since the development of competitory societal market economic system and the impact on values, portion of the lower moral comptrollers are frequently hard to defy enticement and adhere to the rule, so that individuality, money worship, hedonism is worse and worse. Everett and Green ( 2006 ) said that the nature of accounting virtuousnesss was altering. They earn money by non entering the income and intentionally forging, changing, hiding, destructing the accounting information. Second, many accounting staffs have a thin sense of jurisprudence. Some members of the accounting profession do non analyze jurisprudence and the method of accounting criterions, cognize small about the accounting codification, or even disregard the Torahs and ordinances. They do non set histories and supervise harmonizing to the ordinances. Last, the comptrollers have a hapless sense of professional moralss. Some comptrollers normally do non pay attending to the cultivation of professional moralss, no set up a existent thought of good religion, so in practical work, when they met with struggles of national involvements, societal involvements, unit and single involvements, they can non lodge to rules and do non move harmonizing to regulations and ordinances, instead from private involvements, made a breach of professional moralss in the behavior of accounting. Internal inadvertence mechanism is non perfect and deficiency of self-discipline mechanism. Some leaders want to derive political advantage, and capital, so they require the endeavors comptrollers to work for them. Accountants are frequently out of self-defense, output to force per unit area from the leading and inactive false histories. Some internal control system is uneffective and non implemented. With deficiency of independency, the internal audit is hard to make oversight. Effective corporate administration and internal control system is the base to transport out the codification for comptrollers.DecisionCode of professional behavior for comptrollers should be a contemplation of the accounting forces ‘s ethical motives behavior. As a codification, it ‘s used to teach the accounting, to keep the behaviour of comptrollers. Code of professional behavior for comptrollers is of import in engender ethical behaviour, which can vouch the accounting informations existent and complete, and keeping the order of the activities of comptrollers, and advancing the development of societal market economic system. This article has talked about the grounds that led the ineffective of the codification of professional behavior for comptrollers. In face with these jobs, it ‘s high clip for us to take some actions to work out it, to do a good environment for accounting and breeding ethical behaviour.Undertaking 2IntroductionAccountants take the chief duty of accounting activities, pros or cons of their ethical quality and professional quality will straight impact the quality of accounting units. There are many ethical jobs about the comptrollers which have been inferred in the Question 1, such as untruth accounting information, doing unsound information, falsifying the accounting informations, hammering verifier, and even disobeying the jurisprudence. The codification of Ethics is different from the jurisprudence. Accounting jurisprudence and ordinances as a c ompulsory criterion, it requires unconditioned in conformity with the demands of legal to move. And accounting moralss from religion, character, ability and that much more profound degree of nature and to act upon and better the quality of accounting behaviour. Following, it will speak about how to do an effectual codification of moralss for professional comptrollers and the grounds. In this portion, it relates five of import grounds, and explains them individually.BodyIt ‘s a base to amend and better the codification of accounting to beef up the edifice of the moralss for professional comptrollers. Development and betterment of the codification of accounting is basically a procedure of institutional alteration and invention. This procedure must follow the rule of effectivity. It is necessary to firmly lock the long-run reform of the accounting norm system of ends, but besides give full consideration to the building of the bing accounting standard theoretical account and the c haracteristics ; it is necessary to see the key restraints of the codification in institutional agreements, but besides to see the influence of informal establishment such as accounting environment. Effective corporate administration and internal control system is of import to the execution of codification of accounting. Tisha, Emerson, Conroy and Stanley ( 2007 ) â€Å" We postulate that accounting practicians may use a legalistic model to their appraisal of the acceptableness of each sketch. † So better the system and codification is of import. Internal Control Systems provides a good internal environment the in the operation of the codification for comptrollers in the endeavor. Internal control system can be divided into internal accounting control and internal direction control, criterion, systematic, scientific internal control system enhances the monitoring attempts of accounting criterion, which can cut down the job of non obey the codification from the beginning. Internal accounting control is the key in the internal control. The procedure of constitution of sound internal accounting control itself is the execution of the codification comptrollers in the endeavor procedure ; internal accounting control in concern operations based on criterion or another is one of the basic content of the accounting criterion. The strength of full scope of accounting supervising system is a system protect for the smooth operation of the codification for the comptrollers. First, strengthen internal accounting control system which is based on the internal audit. The internal audit has uncomparable advantages compared with the external ordinance: at foremost, the internal audit staff can take part in the enterprise day-to-day concern activities, so the information accessed is more specific, elaborate and systematic than external regulators ; what ‘s more, the internal audit belongs to the internal direction of endeavors, so it can place jobs earlier and resolved internally in progress, which can gain the trust of the leaders ; at last, the internal audit is aimed to guarantee the smooth operation of the economic and better economic benefit of the company, which is in understanding with the concluding end of the accounting and leading answerability ends. Second, set uping and bettering a full scope of ex ternal monitoring system is the warrant to the smooth execution of the codification for the comptrollers. As Donaldson ( 1982 ) said, to do the codification more effectual, it should authorise more public proceedings. External supervising include civilian inadvertence of accounting houses as the behalf of investors ; the authorities supervising implemented by the fiscal sector and other relevant sections and other signifiers of extended societal monitoring such as public sentiment. Under certain conditions, a broad scope of community supervising in peculiar public sentiment can play function of inadvertence mechanisms which other machineries are hard to make. Optimization of the action of the comptrollers is besides a cardinal facet. Optimization of the comptrollers ‘ action means to optimise the entityA to accomplishing the integrating effects of group behaviour, to better efficiency and to accomplish and make of import â€Å" capable † warrant and the environment to implement the codification. Supply a good societal environment for it besides influences the actions of comptrollers. In the sentiment of Cohen, Pant and Sharp ( 1992 ) , cultural and socioeconomic factors could hinder the credence and execution of a profession ‘s international codification of behavior. Harmonizing to Stevens ( 2008 ) † Culture and effectual communicating are cardinal constituents to a codification ‘s success. † Promotion and instruction is of import. circulate consistently and explicate accountancy professional moralss through certain agencies and methods so it can make a strong ambiance of public sentiment and bit by bi t perforate into the deepnesss of people ‘s heads which can sublimate the interior universe, better the cognitive criterions, set up a moral normative value. Another step is set an illustration for presentation. Influence the ethical behaviour of accounting practicians, through promotion and instruction on the advanced theoretical accounts. Examples can be inspirational and put forward ends which can ensue in great mental strength. -e? » c ¤?aa?†cs„?†¹Ã¢â‚¬ °aa ­-c ¬Ã‚ ¦cs„?†¹?eY?Aa ­-a†¦? – ?Y?c?†¹a ­-a†¦?e? ¦c »Ã¢â‚¬  a† Ã¢â‚¬ ¦a ®? To make an excellence belongings rights environment is of import. Social environment means a sort of ambiance, including a traditional wonts of idea, constructs of value, mode of behaviour, and the traditional attitude and position on the economic system. Clear definition of belongings rights is the chief factor for comptrollers conduct accounting activities based on the codification.DecisionThe codification for comptrollers purposes to breeding ethical behaviours, and it ‘s evident that transporting out the codification for comptrollers and bettering the ethical behaviour of comptrollers are of import in the accounting activities. From recent research, it showed that the codification is non effectual, as it says in the book of Dandago ( 2003 ) . So it ‘s high clip to take some actions, such as the five actions talked above: amending and bettering the codification, effectual corporate administration and internal control system, full scope of accounting supervising system, optimisation of the action of the comptrollers and making an excellence belongings rights environment. The codification of moralss for professional comptrollers constitutes a usher, which restricts and regulates the ethical behaviour of accounting activities. It represents the accounting profession ‘s moral duty and duty to society. Strengthen the edifice of the accounting codification of moralss can do it effectual in standardising accounting behaviour.

Helpling With Organization Skills in LD Students

Helpling With Organization Skills in LD Students Helping students with the organization is important. Organization skills are worthwhile life-long skills. Some people have a knack for great organization skills and some dont. Students with learning disabilities can benefit from the following strategies to help with organization. Helping the child to develop a routine will ultimately lead to organization success. The goal of the organization is to eliminate tardiness, forgetfulness, lack of preparedness and procrastination. These habits need to be eliminated and replaced with strategies to ensure the student is utilizing good organization skills. Once again, a consistent approach that is reinforced on a regular basis will be a tremendous help. A daily agenda or timetable should be with the student at all times during the school day and every effort should be in place to ensure that its used regularly.If you have extra texts, it would benefit the student to have a copy at home.Checklists to ensure that all steps or procedures are followed should be plain view.Give the student organizers - graphic organizers, checklists, subtitles, outlines etc. that assist with written work and assignments. Sample Agenda Type List PDFBreak down all items that are to be included in assignments and provide goals to be reached and ensure that checkpoints are in place.Teach the child how to highlight pertinent information and take notes that are meaningful.Communicate regularly about progress and strategies for improvement.Make sure that you have a positive home-school connection with the support needed to ensure success.Provide verbal prompts and cues to ensure the student is prepared. For example, ask the student what needs to be done on the given night. If he answers math, ask what is needed to complete the math. Help with verbal cues often which will eventually lead to the student reflecting back on whats needed. Sometimes a checklist stating what needs to be done and whats needed to do it is very helpful. At the end of each day, the child will ensure that both are complete.Some children have great organizational skills, however, many dont. Children need to be taught that everything has a place. Organization starts at home and there are many opportunities that parents can seize to help keep a child organized. Be sure that the child knows where his belongings go. Have a spot for books, toys, writing tools, collections etc. Remind the child where things go and how to create a home for belongings that dont yet have that special place.

How To Handle Gossip About a Coworker

How To Handle Gossip About a Coworker Gossip happens. And there is always someone in every office who just can’t help but spread it. And of course, it can be fun. But it can be equally hurtful- and can damage careers- not just the person’s being gossiped about. How to take the high road? Here are a few useful strategies to keep your head above the fray.1. Set the tone.You need to be the grownup- especially if you’re a manager or supervisor and will be setting an example for your underlings. But really anyone can do this. If people start speculating wildly about company issues- or worse- gossiping about coworkers, bosses, and peers, you can be the first one to remove yourself and take a step back. This might just show them, by example, the error of their ways- without your having to say anything outright. Don’t let yourself be drawn in. If you can’t leave a conversation, try a subtle change of topic.2. Be open to negativity.People are more likely to gossip about you if you don’t s eem open to hearing their concerns or workplace issues (in the case of being a supervisor) or if you don’t seem open to constructive criticism yourself. Be as transparent as possible when you’re in a position of power. And no matter what your job title, keep the lines of communication open.3. Don’t punish the middleman.If you’re a supervisor and one employee steps forward to address an issue or bring a problem to your attention, don’t punish that person for doing so. That person’s coworkers will likely see this as a sign of your being unapproachable and unfair. Cue: gossip.4. Confront the source.Sometimes it becomes necessary to confront the gossiper, even if the gossip is about you. Most gossipers continue their chattering because they believe there are no negative consequences. But if you let them know you’re on to what they’re up to- and let them know your feelings on the matter- chances are they might stop on their own. If you have to chastise them for their behavior, make your criticism about the issue, not them personally. Don’t just say: you gossiped! that is wrong! Try instead: I’m concerned about the gossip and I’m hoping we can put an end to it. 5. Don’t be self-righteous.It’s all well and good to go high. It’s what you should be doing. But if you start to get really pompous or pious about your own good conduct in the face of rife and rampant gossip, you’re not going to make many allies. Stay casual when dealing with gossip, even when trying to be a good example. It’s not all about you, after all!

Shareholders Enjoy Growth at Dick's Sporting Goods Assignment - 30

Shareholders Enjoy Growth at Dick's Sporting Goods - Assignment Example As the paper outlines, one of the key successes of Dick's Sporting Goods is the fact that products are stocked according to a local area's seasons. This can reduce costs, which in turn the company can pass onto the customers in the form of cheaper yet high-quality products. Another reason why business has flourished is that Ed Stack has placed key emphasis on the customer experience. For any business that is struggling to establish itself in the marketplace, developing strong relationships with customers is one of the few things that can be controlled. There are so many other variables that can change depending on different factors, but being nice and courteous to customers is something that is attainable. Ed Stack has realized this and the result has been that many repeat customers have been created.  The reason why rapid growth can sometimes be a bad thing for a company is that it has not prepared to expand business operations. Few experts can predict when a company will take off , so when it does it often happens by surprise. This causes the firm to adjust its strategic goals and objectives, and sometimes it does not have long enough to accurately form these. Another reason why rapid growth is not such a good idea is that expenses tend to rise faster than revenue, creating a short-term loss. While this may not prove to be fatal to a company, it can mean that the company has to secure external financing in order to break even and doing this can strain company finances and resources. It is often the case that steady growth is better than rapid growth for the long term because the company can adapt its strategies at a pace that keeps up with the company's growth. Trying to accomplish this feat when the company is expanding rapidly is difficult to do because simple mistakes can cause damage to the company in the long term.

Political Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Political Science - Essay Example In 2003, Dinesh DSouza wrote an article published on the web in the National Review Online, titled â€Å"10 Great Things: What to Love About the United States† that said that the wealth gap was not a problem, that their was an upside to the wealth gap and that the critics â€Å"ignore what is unique and good about American civilization.† This discussion will compare and contrast these two articles. The themes and conclusions of both articles have been presented in the first paragraphs of this discussion. Next, the arguments the authors use will be briefly outlined. Then the persuasiveness of each article will be evaluated. Norton and Ariely use quantitative evidence or numerical evidence. They present various statistics: Specifically, three sets of statistics. They begin by identifying the wealth gap. In the United States today the wealthiest 20% of the population owns 85% of the national wealth and the bottom 40% â€Å"own very near 0%.† In fact, since many are in debt and have no assets they may control negative wealth, or even less than zero. These numbers came from an analysis by Edward Wolf of New York University. In The LA Times survey the sample was asked what they thought was the distribution of wealth in America (not what it is but what they think it is). They thought the distribution of wealth was less unequal than it is. They thought that the wealthiest 20% owned only 60% of the wealth and the bottom 40% had 10% of the wealth (not zero or even less). Then when asked what they wanted the â€Å"ideal distribution of wealth† to be they said even more even than their perception. They want the top 20% to own 30% of the wealth and the bottom 40% to own 25%. Basically, most Americans do not realize how uneven wealth distribution is in the United States, they think it is less uneven than it is and they want it to be even less uneven than they believe that it is. In â€Å"10 Great Things:

Hormones on Sexual Arousal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hormones on Sexual Arousal - Essay Example It is easiest to study male and female arousal in other primates because we have greater control (Carlson, 2002) . The ability to mate is not controlled by ovarian hormones. A woman can have intercourse at any time in her cycle. This makes it difficult to know exactly how much influence ovarian hormones have on arousal. Most studies show that these hormones have only a minimal effect on female arousal. It should be noted that these studies have been done on married women who are with their partner daily. It should be considered that a woman may take part in intercourse because of her husbands desire. Studies of female monkeys have shown that the menstrual cycle does have a strong effect on female arousal (Wallen, 2003). Studies of married women show that these females were, when tested through their entire cycle, more aroused when their testosterone levels were at their highest. When the adrenal glands, the gland that produces androgens, are removed from female monkeys the sexual drive of the money was greatly reduced. Adding testosterone reinstituted sexual arousal. Oxyctocin levels also seem to place a role in arousal. Higher levels start contractions of the uterus and the vagina that accompanies orgasm. It is likely that the pleasant â€Å"afterglow† that follows intercourse is also due to oxyctocin (Wallen, 2003). Pheromones are generally odors that are generally received through the olfactory portion of the brain but can also be absorbed through the skin. These pheromones tend to enhance hormone production in the female including oxyctocin. That would give a second explanation as to why touch enhances hormone production. There is also evidence that vision influences the production of oxyctocin (Wallen, 2003). Researchers are beginning to believe it is the combination of high testosterone levels and high oxyctocin levels that motivates female arousal. If both

Changing Concepts Of Amphibious Operations Management Essay

Changing Concepts Of Amphibious Operations Management Essay Amphibious flexibility is the greatest strategic asset that a sea power possesses. -B.H. Liddell Hart Deterrence or Defence, 1960 INTRODUCTION Amphibious operations are operations launched from the sea onto the land by naval and landing forces. It uses naval firepower, logistics and strategy to project military power ashore. In the present day, amphibious warfare is the most complex of all military manoeuvres. The undertaking requires an intricate coordination of numerous military specialties, including air power, naval gunfire, naval transport, logistical planning, specialised equipment, land warfare, tactics, and extensive training in the nuances of this manoeuvre for all personnel involved  [1]  . The National Defence Strategy 2008 (NDS) of the United States projects that over the next twenty years,, population, resources, and environmental changes combined with social and geopolitical changes would create instability and uncertainty  [2]  . The situation calls for a change in military capabilities and capacities commensurate to the requirement along with institutional agility and flexibility to plan early and respond effectively along with other services and international partners. The Worlds population will, by 2025, would increase by more than 30 percent and be more heavily concentrated within the littorals. More than 60 percent of the Earths population will live in urban areas in 2025  [3]  . This portends a world dominated by complex urban littorals, where competition exists for vital resources and at the same time a youthful population becomes increasingly disenfranchised. Concurrently, there will continue to be a blurring of what was previously thought to be distinct forms of war or conflict. Mass communications will highlight the drama of human suffering, and disadvantaged populations will be ever more painfully aware and less tolerant of their conditions. Extremist ideologies will become increasingly attractive to those in despair and bereft of opportunity. Criminal elements will also exploit this social instability  [4]  . Diminishing overseas access is another challenge anticipated in the future operating environment. Countries may be hesitant to grant access for a variety of reasons. Diminished access will complicate the maintenance of forward presence, necessitating new approaches to responding quickly to developments around the world  [5]  . All of these challenges illustrate the importance of being able to operate in littoral regions, this demand signals the applicability of amphibious forces for missions across the range of military operations. The range of operations extends from military engagement, security cooperation, and deterrence activities to crisis response and limited contingency operations, and if necessary, major operations and campaigns  [6]  . AIM The aim of this paper is to examine new concepts in Amphibious Operations taking place in the world to respond to the new world order and asymmetric threats in the 21st century. PRESENT DAY AMPHIBIOUS OPERATIONS Amphibious operations employ a landing force embarked in ships or craft to accomplish a number of assigned missions. These missions may be conducted in permissive, uncertain, or hostile environments across the range of military operations. A landing force is composed of Army forces task-organized to conduct amphibious operations, while an amphibious task force is composed of Navy forces task-organized for the same purpose. An amphibious force is a landing force and an amphibious task force put together  [7]  . Recent history, the strategic environment, and maritime strategy all imply that individual naval platforms, forward deployed and globally distributed, must be capable of more diverse, smaller-scale amphibious missions while retaining the ability to re-aggregate for larger-scale events. The following types of amphibious operations, are in vogue presently  [8]  :- Amphibious Engagement and Crisis Response. A type of amphibious operation which contributes to conflict prevention or crisis mitigation. These may include operations such as security cooperation, foreign humanitarian assistance, civil support, non combatant evacuations, peace operations, recovery operations, or disaster relief. Amphibious Raid. A type of amphibious operation involving a swift incursion into or a temporary occupation of an objective, followed by a planned withdrawal. Amphibious Assault. A type of amphibious operation that involves the establishment of a landing force on a hostile or potentially hostile shore. Amphibious Withdrawal. A type of amphibious operation involving the extraction of forces by sea in ships or craft from a hostile or potentially hostile shore. Amphibious Demonstration. A type of amphibious operation conducted for the purpose of deceiving the enemy by a show of force with the expectation of deluding the enemy into a course of action unfavorable to him. MODERN CONCEPTS IN AMPHIBIOUS OPERATIONS Operational Manoeuvre from The Sea (OMFTS) OMFTS is not merely a way of introducing an expeditionary force onto foreign soil but also of projecting expeditionary power directly against a centre of gravity or critical vulnerability  [9]  . OMFTS was developed by the US in response to the change in the global threat from the cold war to the chaos in the littorals. OMFTS enhances the naval expeditionary force by providing a task-organized, Sea Based, Operational Manoeuvre Element (OME) that can respond across the spectrum of conflict. Because expeditionary forces operate in international waters and are not restrained by global political pressures, the ability to respond quickly to a combatant commanders requirement is key when a quick response is necessary  [10]  . Concepts that help provide flexibility, protection and decisive impact to OMFTS are operational depth, mission depth, tempo, reach back, enabling force and exploitation force  [11]  . Operational Maneuver from the Sea links naval warfare and manoeuvre warfare. OMFTS uses critical components of warfare such as speed, mobility, fire support, communications, and navigation to exploit enemy weaknesses across the entire spectrum of conflict. OMFTS enables expeditionary forces to provide Army and Air Force flow when sustained operations are required. This can be as simple as creating the command and control architecture for the combatant commander to use or as complex as taking a forward air base for the flow of larger forces. An OMFTS capable task force can also act as an exploitation force when serving as an OME by attacking units or supply depots of enemy forces already engaged by other friendly forces.  [12]   The capture of Seoul in 1950 was a classic example of an Operational Manoeuvre from the Sea. It was a completely focused operation, unified under a single commander, that flowed coherently from San Diego, Sasebo, and Pusan, through an amphibious power projection at Inchon, to key objectives well inland. The Seoul operation was focused on a critical North Korean vulnerability, the lines of support (and withdrawal) through the Han River Valley at Seoul. It maintained that focus and with it an unmatched tempo of aggressive action. As a result, it was crushingly successful, leading to the destruction of the North Korean Army and the liberation of South Korea. If the operation had lost its focus, however, and been planned and executed as merely an amphibious lodgement at Inchon, it would have generated only an operationally insignificant tactical victory.  [13]   Use of the sea is the main difference in OMFTS from all other types of operational manoeuvre warfare. The sea ensures an avenue for friendly movement at the same time it acts as a barrier to the enemy and a means of avoiding disadvantageous engagements. OMFTS applies across the full spectrum of military operations, from Major Theater War (MTW) to Small Scale Contingencies (SSC) and applies manoeuvre warfare to expeditionary power projection in naval operations or as part of a joint or multinational campaign. OMFTS is not merely moving around the enemy but projecting power to the enemys Center of Gravity (COG) on our terms. By using a manoeuvrable naval power to launch an assault at the time and place we determine, the enemys weakness will be decisively exploited. OMFTS envisions making the beach transparent to amphibious warfare through STOM.  [14]   Ship to Objective Manoeuvre (STOM) OMFTS requires new tactical concepts for amphibious operations. Although the focus is on operational objectives ashore, the sea becomes essential manoeuvre space for the landing force. Successful execution of OMFTS demands that the landing force maintain the momentum gained by manoeuvre at sea. This is achieved by Ship-to-Objective Manoeuvre (STOM)  [15]  . STOM employs the concepts of manoeuvre warfare to project a combined arms force by air and surface means against inland objectives. It takes advantage of emerging trends in Command, Control, Communications, Computing, Intelligence and Information C4I2 Systems to land forces in their tactical array from the ships directly to the objective, replacing the cumbersome ship-to-shore movement of current amphibious warfare. True STOM is not aimed at establishing a beachhead, but at landing combat units ashore in their fighting formations, to a decisive place, and in sufficient strength to ensure mission accomplishment. The advantages of STOM over conventional amphibious operations are  [16]  :- STOM provides tactical as well as operational surprise, something seldom possible in past amphibious operations. Operations can begin over the horizon and project power deeper inland with more speed and flexibility than conventional amphibious operations. The enemy has to defend a vast area against seaborne mobility and deep power projection as compared to conventional beachhead. This will also force the enemy to thinly spread his defenses thus allowing friendly forces greater freedom of manoeuvre at sea and ashore. The gradient of shores and relative location of beaches with respect to the objective is rendered insignificant. Naval forces can take advantage of night and adverse weather conditions, as well as the ability to control the electromagnetic spectrum. These capabilities will enable exploitation of known enemy vulnerabilities, create opportunities, achieve tactical surprise, and result in mission accomplishment. Tenants of STOM. The key elements of STOM are  [17]  :- Operational objective. Focuses on the operational objective and provides increased flexibility to strike enemy critical vulnerabilities. Sea as Manoeuvre Space. The open sea can be a protective barrier or a freeway of supreme mobility. Movement of forces is faster on sea than on land. Outflanking of enemy defence forces can easily be achieved. Strength against Weakness. STOM applies strength against weakness and projects combat power through gaps located or created in the adversarys defenses. These gaps are not necessarily geographical; they may be exploitable weaknesses, such as limited night fighting capability, poor command and control, lack of endurance or low morale. Tempo. Air and surface units manoeuvre from ships to inland positions faster than the enemy can effectively react. The landing force maintains the initiative and operates at a pace that allows it to dictate the terms of engagement. Operational surprise delays enemy identification and disrupts his response. The enemy continues to face dilemmas and a tempo of operations that denies him control of the battle and keeps him off-balance and reactive. Integration. Integrates all elements in accomplishing the mission. Thus employing all available assets in support of ship-to-objective manoeuvre in order to maximize the effectiveness of the landing force. Successful implementation of the STOM concept requires improvements in mobility, command and control, intelligence, fires, sea-based logistics, organisation, doctrine, training, and education. STOM takes advantage of innovations in technology to enhance the capability of naval forces to conduct amphibious operations in the 21st Century. Ship-to- Objective Manoeuvre directly links manoeuvre at sea to manoeuvre on land by seamless manoeuvre from over the horizon directly against objectives deep inland. SEA BASING Sea basing represents a future capability with antecedents in amphibious operations. A seabase is a system of systems enabling personnel, material, fires, and command and control to come together rapidly, integrate, and be projected as a flexible force capable of undertaking a broad spectrum of over-the shore operations. Such operations could range from humanitarian relief, operations other than war, and conflict prevention to brigade sized or larger combat operations. Even larger operations could be enabled by the addition of more seabases or by the ability to flow additional forces through the seabase. A seabase may serve as an integration point for joint as well as coalition forces. Sea basing is more than simply traditional amphibious assault operations. It entails the projection of land forces substantially beyond the beachhead, independent of in-theater land bases. A seabase also needs to sustain such forces for prolonged periods  [18]  . Sea basing can be defined as: The capacity and/or capability to project rapidly sustainable military power ashore from the sea  [19]  . From the period prior to the onset of a crisis through the completion of stabilization operations, Seabasing provides scalable power projection option through sequential and concurrent integration of the five primary Seabasing lines of operation as stated below and are described as  [20]  :- Close. Rapid closure of joint force capabilities to an area of crisis. Assemble. Seamless integration of scalable joint force capabilities on and around secure sea-based assets. Employ. Flexible employment of joint force capabilities to meet mission objectives supported from the sea base. Sustain. Persistent sustainment of selected joint forces afloat and ashore, through transition to decisive combat operations ashore. Reconstitute. The capability to rapidly recover, reconstitute and redeploy joint combat capabilities within and around the manoeuvreable sea base for subsequent operations. Overview of Sea Basing  [21]   Principles of Seabasing. There are seven overarching Seabasing principles that apply across a wide range of scenarios  [22]  : Use The Sea as Manoeuvre Space. Seabasing exploits the freedom of the high seas to conduct operational manoeuvre in the maritime (includes littoral) environment relatively unconstrained by political and diplomatic restrictions, for rapid deployment and immediate employment. Sea-based operations provide an operational flexibility to support the immediate deployment/employment/sustainment of forces across the extended depth and breadth of the battlespace. Leverage Forward Presence and Joint Interdependence. Joint forces operating from the sea base, in conjunction with other globally based joint forces; provide an on-scene, credible offensive and defensive capability during the early stages of a crisis. Combined with other elements of this joint interdependent force, forward deployed joint forces can help to deter or preclude a crisis or enable the subsequent introduction of additional forces, equipment, and sustainment. Protect Joint Force Operations. Seabasing provides a large measure of inherent force protection derived from its freedom of operational manoeuvre in a maritime environment. The combined capabilities of joint platforms in multiple mediums (surface, sub-surface, and air) provide the joint forces a defensive shield both at sea and ashore. The integration of these capabilities and freedom of manoeuvre effectively degrades the enemys ability to successfully target and engage friendly forces while facilitating joint force deployment, employment, and sustainment. Provide Scalable, Responsive Joint Power Projection. Forces rapidly closing the sea base by multi-dimensional means (air, surface, and subsurface) give the ability to rapidly scale and tailor forces/capabilities to the mission. Seabasing provides an option to mass, disperse, or project joint combat power throughout the battlespace at the desired time to influence, deter, contain, or defeat an adversary. Sustain Joint Force Operations From The Sea. Sea-based logistics entails sustaining forces through an increasingly anticipatory and responsive logistics system to support forces afloat and select joint/multinational forces operating ashore. The sea base is sustained through the interface with support bases and strategic logistics pipelines enabling joint forces to remain on station, where needed, for extended periods of time. Seabasing uses selective off-load to assemble and deliver tailored sustainment packages directly to joint forces operating ashore. Expand Access Options and Reduce Dependence on Land Bases. Seabasing integrates global and sea-based power projection capabilities to provide multiple access options to complement forward basing, and reduces reliance on forward basing when the security environment dictates. This includes theater access capabilities at improved and unimproved ports and airfields. Create Uncertainty for Adversaries. Seabasing places an adversary in a dilemma through the conduct of dispersed and distributed operations. The options of multiple points and means of entry require an adversary to either disperse or concentrate his forces, creating opportunities to exploit seams and gaps in defenses. NEW EMERGING PLATFORMS MV-22 Osprey. The Bell-Boeing MV-22 Osprey is an American multi-mission, military, tiltrotor aircraft with both a vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL), short takeoff and landing (STOL) capability. It is designed to combine the functionality of a conventional helicopter with the long-range, high-speed cruise performance of a turboprop aircraft. The MV-22 originated from the United States Department of Defense Joint-service Vertical take-off/landing Experimental (JVX) aircraft program started in 1981.  [23]   LHA-6. The USS America (LHA-6) is based upon the USS Makin Island (LHD-8) design. The USS America is a gas-turbine powered warship capable of carrying a Marine Expeditionary Brigade with the capacity for carrying many Marine helicopters, MV-22 Osprey tilt-rotor aircraft, and F-35B V/STOL Joint Strike Fighters. This warship is due to be delivered to the Navy in 2012. At a displacement of 45,000 tons, and carrying a complement of F-35 Joint Strike Fighters, it will be able to serve in the role of a small aircraft carrier, an America-class ship will be able to operate as a flagship for an expeditionary strike group or amphibious ready group. Warships of this type may also play a key role in the Maritime Pre-Positioning Force  [24]  . Joint High Speed Vessel (JHSV). The JHSV Program will provide high speed, shallow draft transportation capability to support the intra-theater manoeuvre of personnel, supplies and equipment for the U. S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Army. The JHSV program merges the previous Army Theater Support Vessel (TSV) and the Navy High Speed Connector (HSC), taking advantage of the inherent commonality between the two programs. JHSV will be capable of transporting 600 tons 1,200 nautical miles at an average speed of 35 knots. The ships will be capable of operating in shallow-draft ports and waterways, interfacing with roll-on/roll-off discharge facilities, and on/off-loading a combat-loaded Abrams Main Battle Tank (M1A2). Other joint requirements include an aviation flight deck to support day and night air vehicle launch and recovery operations.  [25]   Mobile Landing Platform (MLP). The MLP is intended to be a new class of auxiliary support ship, as part of the US Navys Maritime Prepositioning Force of the Future (MPF-F) program. Theyre intended to serve as a transfer station or floating pier at sea, improving the U.S. militarys ability to deliver equipment and cargo from ship to shore when friendly bases are denied, or simply dont exist.  [26]   LMSR. Military Sealift Commands Large, Medium-Speed, Roll-on/Roll-off ship, or LMSR, program significantly expands the US sealift capability for the new millennium. All of the LMSRs have been prime movers of U.S. military equipment during Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom, supporting both combat and humanitarian missions. These vessels are among the largest cargo ships in the world and can carry more than 300,000 square feet of combat cargo at speeds up to 24 knots  [27]  . CONCLUSION 27. The future of Navies lies in ability to operate in the littoral regions of the world. The Naval forces of today have to continually evolve, maintain a robust amphibious capability and develop countermeasures to the hostile anti-access capabilities manifested in the growing threat of littoral warfare. The principles of war are constantly evolving. Speed and tempo of operations along with quick response are critical to success. Joint operations and ability to synergise forces are the order of the day. Future operations will be conducted with unilateral, joint or multi-national forces and will require a ready force that can respond quickly, project power, and attack with force across the entire spectrum of conflict. New concepts such as OMFTS, STOM and Sea Basing offer todays commander a scalable, interoperable, swift and decisive means to shape the international environment. The traditional concepts of establishing beach heads and hard landing is a thing of the past. The concept is to hit the objective directly without going through the tedious process of amphibious landings. Though these concepts place a greater demand on procurement and upgradation of present force levels and equipment, it is a necessity for the future. Niladri Bose Date : Sep 10 Cdr Student Officer Effective Words 3300